A configurable pixel-processing pipeline that consumes MIPI CSI-2 RAW Bayer samples and produces a YUV (or RGB) stream. Pixels flow through black-level correction, defect-pixel correction, Bayer demosaic, auto-white-balance gain, a colour-correction matrix, a gamma tone LUT and an RGB to YUV colour-space convert. Every stage is programmed over an APB4 CSR, data moves on an AXI-Stream interface, and one output pixel is produced per RAW pixel.
| Category | Image Signal Processor, RAW Bayer to YUV pixel pipeline |
|---|---|
| Pipeline stages | Black level, defect pixel, Bayer demosaic, white balance, colour correction, gamma, RGB to YUV |
| Input | MIPI CSI-2 RAW Bayer, 8-bit samples, AXI-Stream, raster order |
| Output | YUV or RGB, 24-bit packed pixel, AXI-Stream, per-frame last and interrupt |
| Bayer phases | RGGB, GRBG, GBRG, BGGR, selectable per frame |
| Pixel format | 8-bit components, 24-bit packed pixel |
| Demosaic | Bilinear over a 3x3 neighbourhood, round to nearest |
| Defect correction | Dynamic hot and dead pixel, 3x3 outlier versus threshold |
| White balance | Per-channel gain, 16-bit unsigned Q8.8, clamp |
| Colour and space convert | Shared 3x3 signed MAC, 18-bit Q<int>.8 coefficients, for CCM and RGB to YUV |
| Gamma | 256-entry 8-bit tone LUT, CSR loaded |
| Frame geometry | Up to 65535 by 65535 pixels |
| Throughput | One output pixel per RAW pixel |
| Host interface | APB4 CSR, 12-bit address, 32-bit data |
| Verification | UVM VIP, golden reference model scoreboard, functional coverage |
| Ownership | WIOWIZ IP and WIOWIZ VIP |
Sensor RAW Bayer enters, a full YUV image stream leaves, no host CPU in the pixel loop.
Full R, G and B reconstructed at each site from a 3x3 window and the Bayer phase.
Per-channel AWB gain feeds a programmable 3x3 colour-correction matrix with offset.
Dynamic hot and dead pixel detection replaces outliers against a configurable threshold.
A 256-entry tone LUT, loaded over the CSR, shapes the response before colour convert.
AXI-Stream in and out, APB4 control, UVM VIP with golden-model scoreboard and coverage.
